The 1982–83 Segunda División B season was the 6th since its establishment.
40 teams joined the league, including one relegated from the 1981–82 Segunda División and 6 promoted from the 1981–82 Tercera División.
The composition of the groups was determined by the Royal Spanish Football Federation, attending to geographical criteria.
Teams from Andorra, Aragon, Asturias, Basque Country, Canary Islands, Castile and León, Catalonia, Galicia and Navarre.
Teams from Andalusia, Aragon, Balearic Islands, Castile and León, Castilla–La Mancha, Catalonia, Ceuta, Extremadura, Madrid, Region of Murcia and Valencian Community.