The 1990–91 NCAA Division I men's basketball season began in November 1990 and ended with the Final Four at the Hoosier Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana on April 1, 1991.

The Duke Blue Devils won their first NCAA national championship with a 72–65 victory over the Kansas Jayhawks.

[5] A total of 17 college teams played as Division I independents.

[13] Saint Joseph's and Temple both finished with 3–1 records in head-to-head competition among the Philadelphia Big 5.

A number of teams changed coaches during the season and after it ended.