The 1st Guards Infantry Division (Russian: 1-я гварде́йская пехо́тная диви́зия) was an infantry formation of the Russian Imperial Army which was part of the Imperial Guard.

It was headquartered in Saint Petersburg and was part of the Guards Corps.

It took part in fighting against Napoleonic invasion of Russia in 1811 shortly after its formation.

It was expanded in July 1914 upon the mobilization of the Russian Imperial Army, and took part in fighting on the Eastern Front of World War I.

The unit was initially formed on 15 June 1807 as the 1st Infantry Division.