In 1945, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT) signed the Double Tenth Agreement in Chongqing in an effort to build a sustainable peace between the two sides.

As part of the deals provisions, a Political Consultative Conference was convened on 10–31 January 1946 to draft a new constitution, although the talks ultimately collapsed and the Chinese Civil War resumed.

It was also positively received by exiled political leaders in Hong Kong, whose parties were banned under Chiang Kai-shek's government.

[2] The meetings ends in a decision to establish a preparatory committee to form a Political Consultative Conference, which would be held in 1949 and formulate a Common Program and a coalition government.

[2] In December 1948, Mao informs Soviet leader Joseph Stalin through intermediaries of his worries the United States intends to "infiltrate the political consultative meeting and the democratic coalition government".

Mao replies by saying the time to establish the conference has not yet come, and that he wants to wait until the People's Liberation Army (PLA) to take Nanjing, Wuhan and Shanghai.

[2] On March 5–13, 1949, the 7th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party held its second plenum, where it approved of a plan to convene a political consultative conference.

[2] The 1st Plenary Session of the CPPCC was held on September 21–30, 1949 in Huairen Hall, Zhongnanhai, Beijing (then named Beiping) to discuss matters related to the establishment of the People's Republic of China.

[6] It additionally elected the Central People's Government Committee with Mao as its chairman and Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Soong Ching-ling, Zhang Lan, Li Jishen and Gao Gang as its vice chairpersons.