Constituent Assembly elections were held in East Timor on 30 August 2001, the second anniversary of the independence referendum.

These were the first free and fair elections to take place on Timorese territory in its entire history after the end of the Portuguese colonial period and the occupation by Indonesia (1975-1999).

The elections were managed by the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) to begin the second phase of the transition to full independence, after most of the Timorese infrastructure was destroyed by pro-Indonesian militias following the August 1999 independence referendum.

Fretilin's Secretary General, Mari Alkatiri, took over as President of the Council of Ministers in coalition with the PD, with a two-thirds majority.

On 20 May 2002 the United Nations protectorate came to an end and the territory became independent as the Democratic Republic of East Timor.