On 9 June 2004, a nail bomb detonated in Cologne, Germany, in a business area popular with immigrants from Turkey.

[3] The bomb, which contained more than 800 nails, was hidden in a travel compartment on a bicycle left in front of the barber shop.

[4] In November 2011, after having been accused by authorities of being responsible for a robbery in Eisenach, the neo-Nazi terrorist group National Socialist Underground (Nationalsozialistischer Untergrund) released a video claiming responsibility for the Cologne bombing.

[5][6] The group’s main members, Uwe Böhnhardt, Uwe Mundlos, and Beate Zschäpe, were also indicted with the killing of nine businessmen of Turkish and Greek origin between 2000 and 2006 (the National Socialist Underground murders) and the murder of Michèle Kiesewetter in 2007.

The events of the 2017 film In the Fade, starring Diane Kruger as a German woman whose Kurdish husband and their child were killed in a nail bomb attack by Neo-Nazis, was inspired by the 2004 bombing.