The 2005–06 Butler Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Butler University in the 2005–06 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.

Their head coach was Todd Lickliter, serving his 5th year.

The Bulldogs played their home games at Hinkle Fieldhouse.

The Bulldogs earned an at-large bid to the 2006 National Invitation Tournament, earning an 8 seed in the Cincinnati bracket.

They beat 7 seed Miami (OH) 53–42 in the opening round before falling to 2 seed Florida State 67–63 in the first round.