The 2005–06 Illinois Fighting Illini men's basketball team represented University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in the 2005–06 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.

This was head coach Bruce Weber's third season at Illinois.

With the departure of junior Deron Williams and senior Luther Head to the NBA draft, returning seniors Dee Brown and James Augustine led Illinois back to the NCAA tournament.

Brown took over the helm of the offense at point guard, a role he had played in high school.

As in the previous year, Illinois relied heavily upon three-point shooting, but with more of an emphasis upon the post play of James Augustine.