The 2005–06 Ohio State Buckeyes men's basketball team represented Ohio State University in the 2005–06 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.

They were led by their second-year head coach, Thad Matta, and played their home games at the Value City Arena, in Columbus, Ohio as members of the Big Ten Conference.

1 seed in the Big Ten tournament, they defeated Penn State and Indiana before losing to Iowa in the championship game.

They received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament as a No.

They beat Penn State in the Big Ten tournament before losing to Wisconsin in the quarterfinals.