The 2005 United Nations Climate Change Conference took place between November 28 and December 9, 2005, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

The conference included the 11th Conference of the Parties (COP11) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), and was the first Meeting of the Parties (MOP1) to the Kyoto Protocol since their initial meeting in Kyoto in 1997.

The event marked the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol on 16 February 2005.

The Montreal Action Plan was an agreement to "extend the life of the Kyoto Protocol beyond its 2012 expiration date and negotiate deeper cuts in greenhouse gas emissions"[1] by starting negotiations, without delay on an extension of the protocol.

[2] Canada's environment minister, at the time, Stéphane Dion, said the agreement provides a "map for the future".