The 2006 Tennis Masters Cup was a men's tennis tournament played on indoor hard courts.

It was the 37th edition of the year-end singles championships, the 32nd edition of the year-end doubles championships, and was part of the 2006 ATP Tour.

It took place at the Qizhong Forest Sports City Arena in Shanghai, China, from November 12 through November 19, 2006.

Roger Federer won the singles title.

Roger Federer defeated James Blake 6–0, 6–3, 6–4 Jonas Björkman / Max Mirnyi defeated Mark Knowles / Daniel Nestor 6–2, 6–4