Voters elected the 120 members of the unicameral Assembly, the legislative branch of the Provisional Institutions of Self-Government that the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo created.

The elections were scheduled by the Special Representative of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Joachim Rücker (head of the UNMIK) on 1 September 2007.

[1] This was the first parliamentary election in Kosovo to be held under open list proportional representation.

The 2001 and 2004 elections had been held under a closed list system.

[2] Of the ten seats reserved for Serbs, six were won by four parties which decided to form a coalition on 5 December:[3] Slaviša Petković's Serb Democratic Party of Kosovo and Metohija, Dragiša Mirić's Serb Kosovo-Metohija Party, Mihajl Šćepanović's Serb People's Party and Nebojša Živić's Union of Independent Social Democrats of Kosovo and Metohija.