Abkhazia is a partially recognised state within Georgia's territory.

In March, Georgia accused Russia of attacking the Kodori Valley in Upper Abkhazia, which was the only area in Abkhazia that Georgia controlled.

Russia denied the claims, saying that their aircraft in the area were grounded at the time.

Also in August, Georgia claimed it shot down Russian aircraft that were in Georgia's airspace over the Georgia-controlled Upper Abkhazia area.

Abkhazia also held elections that were not recognised by any countries.