It was the first Legislative Yuan election after the constitutional amendments of 2005, which extended term length from three to four years, reduced seat count from 225 to 113, and introduced the current electoral system.

The breakdown by administrative unit was:[2] The delimitation of the single-member constituencies within the cities and counties was a major political issue, with bargaining between the government and the legislature.

Of the 15 cities and counties to be partitioned (the ten others have only one seat), only seven of the districting schemes proposed by the CEC were approved in a normal way.

"[3] The elections were the first held under a new electoral system which had been approved by both major parties in constitutional amendments adopted in 2005, but which one political scientist has argued favored the KMT.

The government of People's Republic of China, which claims sovereignty over Taiwan, remained largely silent on the election result.