[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues.
Type species D. guntherorum Nettapezoura[6] Gen et sp nov valid Briggs, Lieberman, Hendricks, Halgedahl & Jarrard Middle Cambrian Marjum Formation United States An arachnormorph of uncertain classification.
Type species N. basilika Palaeosiro[7] Gen et sp nov valid Poinar Cenomanian Burmese amber Myanmar A stylocellid harvestman.
Canada Arquatichthys[20] Valid Lu & Zhu Devonian (Pragian) Posongchong Formation China A basal member of Dipnomorpha.
Donnrosenia[21] Valid Long, Choo, & Young Devonian (Givetian) Aztec Siltstone Antarctica A basal member of Actinopterygii.
Genyonemus whistleri[22] Valid Takeuchi & Huddleston Late Miocene Puente Formation United States A relative of the white croaker.
gen et sp nov Valid Long, Trinajstic, Young, & Senden Late Devonian Gogo Formation Australia discovered with fossilized embryo.
Jenkins, F. A., jr, Shubin, N. H., Gatesy, S. M., and Warren, A., 2008, Gerrothorax pulcherrimus from the Upper Triassic Fleming Fjord Formation of East Greenland and a reassessment of head lifting in temnospondyl feeding: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 28, n. 4, p. 935-950.
nov Valid Wilkinson, Young & Benton Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian) Kimmeridge Clay Formation United Kingdom A metriorhynchid crocodyliform.
nov Valid Barbosa, Kellner & Viana Early Paleocene (Danian) Maria Farinha Formation Brazil A dyrosaurid crocodyliform.
nov Valid Peyer et al. Late Triassic Newark Supergroup United States( North Carolina) Sierritasuchus[39] Gen. et sp.
nov Valid Parker, Stocker & Irmis Late Triassic Tecovas Formation United States( Texas) An aetosaur Genus includes new species S. macalpini.
nov Valid Martinelli & Pais Late Cretaceous Bajo de La Carpa Formation Argentina A baurusuchid crocodyliform.
Valid Trevor H. Worthy Graham M. Wragg Subrecent Henderson Island Pitcairn A Columbidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Valid Yuan Chongxi Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation China Basal pygostylia, Sapeornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Valid Andrea Cau Paolo Arduini Upper Cretaceous Lebanon An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Avisauridae Brett-Surman et Paul, 1985, this is the type species of the new genus.
Valid Antoine Louchart Yohannes Haile-Selassie Patrick Vignaud Androssa Likius Michel Brunet Late Miocene ca 7 Ma Chad A Ciconiidae.
Valid Kazuhiko Sakurai Masaichi Kimura Takayuki Katoh Late Oligocene Tokoro Formation Japan A Plotopteridae Howard, 1969, this is the type species of the new genus.
Valid Stig A. Walsh Rodolfo Sánchez Early Pliocene Codore Formation, Middle El Jebe Member Venezuela A Ciconiidae.
Valid Sanne Boessenkool Jeremy J. Austin Trevor H. Worthy R. Paul Scofield Alan Cooper Philip J. Seddon Jonathan M. Waters Late Holocene Subrecent New Zealand A Spheniscidae, when it became extinct it made room for Megadyptes antipodes.
Valid Cécille Mourer-Chauviré Denis Geraads Late Pliocene Ahl al Oughlam Morocco A Pelagornithidae Fürbringer, 1888.
Valid Herculano M. F. de Alvarenga Guilherme R. R. Brito Rafael Migotto Alex Hubbe Elizabeth Höfling Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Brazil A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Valid Gao Chunling Luis M. Chiappe Meng Qinjing Jingmai O'Connor Wang Xuri Cheng Xiaodong Liu Jinyuan Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation China Basal Aves, this is the type species of the new genus.
Itaboraiophis[97] gen et sp nov Valid Rage Middle Paleocene Brazil A "booid"-grade snake of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Kuwajimalla[98] gen et sp nov Valid Evans & Manabe Early Cretaceous (Valanginian to Hauterivian) Kuwajima Formation Japan A polyglyphanodontian lizard.
Merkurosaurus[99] gen et sp nov Valid Klembara Early Miocene Czech Republic A member of Anguimorpha, might be related to the Chinese crocodile lizard.
Paulacoutophis[97] gen et sp nov Valid Rage Middle Paleocene Brazil A booid-grade snake of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Selmasaurus johnsoni[102] sp nov Valid Polcyn & Everhart Late Cretaceous (early Santonian) Niobrara Chalk United States A mosasaur.
Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis[103] sp nov Valid Caldwell, Konishi, Obata, & Muramoto upper Santonian-lower Campanian Japan Third identified species for the genus Taniwhasaurus Tianyusaurus[104] gen et sp nov Valid Lü et al. Late Cretaceous Qiupa Formation China A polyglyphanodontian lizard.
Vallecillosaurus[106] gen et sp nov Valid Smith & Buchy Late Cretaceous (early Turonian) Agua Nueva Formation Mexico A member of Mosasauroidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement.