The competition began on 22 August 2009 and concluded on 19 May 2010 with the final held at the Camp Nou in Barcelona, in which Sevilla lifted the trophy for the fifth time in their history with a 2–0 victory over Atlético Madrid.
The defending cup holders were Barcelona, but they were eliminated by Sevilla in the round of 16.
This tournament had quite a number of notable upsets, including Barcelona's early exit in the round of 16, and Real Madrid's shocking 4–0 loss to Alcorcón, which was subsequently nicknamed the "Alcorconazo" and contributed to Real Madrid's early exit in the round of 32.
Teams that qualified were the champions of each of the 18 groups (or at least the ones with the highest number of points within their group since reserve teams were excluded): The matches were played on 22, 25, 26 and 27 August 2009.
Alcorcón, Alcoyano, Atlético Ciudad, Mérida, Ontinyent and Poli Ejido received a bye.