The Gators competed in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).

They were led by head coach Billy Donovan, and played their home games in the O'Connell Center on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus.

The Gators finished the season 21–13, 9–7 in SEC play.

They advanced to the quarterfinals of the 2010 SEC men's basketball tournament before losing to Mississippi State.

They received an at–large bid to the NCAA tournament, their first appearance since their 2006–07 National Championship season, where they earned a No.