FSV Frankfurt II, champions of the Hessenliga, were promoted to the 2010–11 Regionalliga Süd.
FC Germania 08 Ober-Roden, TSG Wörsdorf and SVA Bad Hersfeld were relegated to their respective Verbandsligen, whilst Viktoria Aschaffenburg had to withdraw from the Hessenliga after the end of the season as a result of going into administration.
Due to their withdrawal, OSC Vellmar were allowed to stay in the league despite having lost in the relegation playoff round in which 1.
The winners of the 2009–10 Verbandsliga Hessen-Nord, VfB Süsterfeld, also went into administration, thus SV Buchonia Flieden will take their place in the 2010–11 Hessenliga.
Joining them in the Hessenliga are FC Bayern Alzenau, having been relegated from the Regionalliga.