The 2009–10 season was Sportclub Heerenveen's 17th consecutive season in the Eredivisie and 89th year in existence as a football club.

In addition to the domestic league, Heerenveen participated in that season's editions of the KNVB Cup, the Johan Cruyff Shield and the UEFA Europa League.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply.

Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Source: Competitions Heerenveen, as KNVB Cup winners in the previous season, played against AZ in the 2009 Johan Cruyff Shield, who themselves won the Eredivisie.