The 2009–10 Sheffield Shield season is the 108th season of official first-class domestic cricket in Australia.

The Victorian Bushrangers were the winners of the competition, defeating the Queensland Bulls by 459 runs in the final held from 17 to 21 March 2010 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground The top two teams after each round is played will compete for the Sheffield Shield final.

The match will be contested at the home ground of the side that finishes first.

In the result of a draw, the team that finished on top of the ladder, and hence hosting the match will be awarded the title.

There is a break in the regular schedule of first class games to allow for the 2009–10 KFC Twenty20 Big Bash competition.