Seven-time defenders Trabzonspor successfully contested the four time defending champions, Istanbul-based Fenerbahçe in the final, 3-1[3] The competition began on 2 September 2009 with the first round and concluded on 5 May 2010 with the final, held at Şanlıurfa GAP Stadium.

This tournament was conducted under the UEFA Cup system having replaced at the 44th edition a standard knockout competition scheme.

The top four teams that finished from 1st place to 4th in the 2008–09 Süper Lig were seeded as group heads: Beşiktaş, Sivasspor, Trabzonspor and Fenerbahçe.

The sixteen teams who qualified through the first two rounds of elimination matches were randomly drawn into one of the four groups.

[8] The following teams qualified for the Turkish Cup Quarterfinal: The two legs were played on 24 March and 14 April 2010, respectively.