The competition began on 21 August 2010 and ended on 20 April 2011 with the final, held at the Estadio Mestalla in Valencia, in which Real Madrid lifted the trophy for the eighteenth time in their history with a 1–0 victory over Barcelona in extra time.
Sevilla were the defending champions, but they were defeated by Real Madrid in the semi-finals.
Alcoyano, Cerceda, Jumilla, Lucena, Melilla, Poli Ejido and Real Jaén received a bye.
The draw for the Round of 32 was held on 22 September 2010 at 13:00 CET in the Ciudad del Fútbol de Las Rozas in Madrid.
The draw for the Round of 16, Quarterfinals and Semifinals was held on 18 November 2010 at 13:00 CET in the Ciudad del Fútbol de Las Rozas in Madrid.