The 2010–11 Scottish First Division was the 17th season of the First Division in its current format of ten teams.
Dunfermline Athletic finished champions, with Cowdenbeath and Stirling Albion being relegated.
In the first half of the season each team plays every other team twice (home and away) and then do the same in the second half of the season, for a total of 36 games Times are BST (UTC+1) The fourth placed team in the Second Division (Brechin City) will play the ninth placed team in the First Division (Cowdenbeath) and third placed team in the Second Division (Forfar Athletic) will play the second placed team in the Second Division (Ayr United).
The play-offs will be played over two legs on Wednesday 11 May 2011 & Saturday 14 May 2011, the winning team in each semi-final will advance to the final on Wednesday 18 May 2011 & Sunday 22 May 2011.
The winning team will be awarded a place in the 2011–12 First Division.