The women's 100 metre backstroke event at the 11th FINA World Swimming Championships (25m) took place 12 – 13 December 2012 at the Sinan Erdem Dome.

Prior to this competition, the existing world and championship records were as follows.

No new records were set during this competition.

67 swimmers participated in 7 heats.

[1] 16 swimmers participated in 2 heats.