The Social Liberal Union (USL) co-led by former Prime Minister Victor Ponta won an absolute majority in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.

The Social Liberal Union (USL) obtained a huge majority in both the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, with 60% and 59% respectively of the votes and in MP mandates, namely a record number of 395 seats.

Following weeks of demonstrations against austerity measures demanded by the International Monetary Fund for a multi-billion US dollar loan, former Prime Minister Emil Boc (PDL) resigned on 6 February 2012.

The opposition, represented at that time by the Social Liberal Union (USL) leaders Victor Ponta (PSD) and Crin Antonescu (PNL), then called for early elections.

Consequently, the former Foreign Intelligence Service (SIE) Director Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu was appointed acting prime minister on 9 February 2012.

The political alliance Social Liberal Union (USL), at that time comprising the three parties PSD, PNL, and PC, initiated and succeeded to vote a motion of no confidence against Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu and his cabinet on 27 April 2012 after just two months in office.

However, after PDL, fearing poor results in the elections ahead because of it[citation needed], appealed the Constitutional Court of Romania who invalidated the law on 27 June 2012 and reinstated the old one.

Although a report by the OSCE stated the elections were administered "professionally and efficiently",[10] the electioneering, initiated on 9 November and ended on 8 December, was not without incidents.

Dan Diaconescu, candidate from PP-DD in the same college of Chamber of Deputies in Târgu Jiu with Prime Minister Victor Ponta, is investigated for electoral bribery.

[11] Authorities were notified after PSD representatives within Gorj County Council filed a complaint regarding the distribution of food and the organization of an electoral spectacle before the electioneering.

[13] On 11 November, an old man from the commune of Mătăsari (Gorj County) had a heart attack shortly after a discussion in contradictory with PDL deputy Constantin Severus Militaru.

[18] The second referendum was held in the communes of Limanu, Costinești as well as in the city of Mangalia and asked voters to say whether they were in favor or against the use, by Chevron, of shale gas extraction by means of hydraulic fracturing.