The 2015 Mount Carbon train derailment refers to a derailment in Mount Carbon, West Virginia, on February 16, 2015, which involved a CSX Transportation train hauling 107 tank cars of crude oil from North Dakota to Virginia.

The spill, fire, and eruptions destroyed one home, forced the evacuation of hundreds of families and caused the temporary shut down of two nearby water treatment plants.

[11] At the time of the accident, the train was being led by CREX ES44AC #1349 and CSX Transportation ES40DC #5243 was traveling through Mount Carbon, West Virginia, in an area of town known as Adena Village, across the river from Boomer Bottom.

[4] West Virginia Governor Earl Ray Tomblin's spokesman Chris Stadelman stated that 26 cars left the tracks, 19 of which caught fire.

Some tank fires were still burning the following morning, but federal investigators were allowed to get within 150 feet (46 m) of the derailed cars, and Appalachian Power crews were able to repair a line and restore electricity to about 900 customers.

During the emergency response, authorities closed the adjacent West Virginia Route 61 in the area of the accident.

[4] As of February 17, the West Virginia National Guard took water samples to determine whether oil seeped into Armstrong Creek and CSX contractors also monitored the air for pollution linked to the fires.

[3] Federal railroad and hazardous materials officials are currently probing the accident, and Governor Tomblin declared a state of emergency.

The UCWVTD ordered evacuations of the Mount Carbon areas most at risk from the fires; specifically Adena Village,[15] and Boomer Bottom.

The inspector told investigators that he thought the indications from his instruments were simply caused by rough rail surface conditions.