[2][3][4][5][6] Fanja SC are the defending champions, having won their record ninth title in the previous 2015–16 Oman Professional League season.

Sur SC and Salalah SC were relegated to the Oman First Division League after finishing in the relegation zone in the 2015–16 Oman Professional League season.

Al-Musannah SC too failed to secure their spot in the Oman Professional League as they were defeated 3-2 on aggregate in the Relegation/Promotion playoff by Ja'lan SC who had finished third in the 2015–16 Oman First Division League.

The three relegated teams were therefore replaced by Oman First Division League winners Al-Rustaq SC, the runners-up of Oman Club and third position holders Ja'lan SC.

Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules.