The 2016–17 VMI Keydets basketball team represented the Virginia Military Institute in the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.

The Keydets were led by second-year head coach Dan Earl and played their home games out of Cameron Hall in Lexington, Virginia, their home since 1981.

The Keydets played as a member of the Southern Conference.

They lost in the first round of the SoCon tournament to Samford.

VMI lost only three seniors from the previous season.