In addition to federal races for president, Senate, and House, all 118 seats of the Illinois House of Representatives and 40 seats (out of 59) of the Illinois Senate were up for election, a special election was held for Illinois Comptroller, judicial elections were held, and a statewide ballot measure was voted upon.

[4] Turnout by county[4] All of Illinois' 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives were up for election in 2016.

These consisted of both partisan and retention elections, including those for seven seats in the Illinois Appellate Court.

Illinois voters voted a single ballot measure in 2016.

[8][9] Illinois voters approved the Illinois Transportation Taxes and Fees Lockbox Amendment, a legislatively referred constitutional amendment that prohibits lawmakers from using transportation funds for anything other than their stated purpose.