The 2017–18 CSKA season was the 26th successive season that the club played in the Russian Premier League, the highest tier of association football in Russia.

CSKA finished the previous season in 2nd, and as a result entered the Champions League at the Third Qualifying stage, and also took part in the Russian Cup.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply.

Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.