In the league, Napoli set a new club record for points in a single Serie A season, finishing with 91, though this would only be good enough for 2nd place behind champions Juventus, with 95.

Dries Mertens was once again the club's top league goalscorer, albeit with ten fewer goals than the previous season; he scored 18 in Serie A and 22 in all competitions.

In the Champions League, Napoli had first to navigate through the play-off round, successfully eliminating French club Nice with 2–0 wins in both legs, 4–0 on aggregate.

As a result Napoli dropped down to the round of 32 of the Europa League, once again experiencing European disappointment as they were eliminated on away goals after drawing 3–3 across two legs with German club RB Leipzig.

This was Maurizio Sarri's third and final season in charge of the club after signing from Empoli in the summer of 2015.