The season featured 13 teams from the 2016–17 campaign, three new teams relegated from the 2016–17 First Division: Al-Adalh, Al-Jeel and Wej, and four new teams promoted from the 2016–17 Third Division: Al-Kholood as champions, Al-Hejaz as runners-up, Al-Taqadom as third place and Al-Jubail as fourth place.
The league began on 19 October 2017 and ended on 17 March 2018.
The winners of each group will play a two-legged final to decide the champion of the 2017–18 Second Division.
[3] Al-Jeel, who finished 2nd in Group B will face Al-Ansar who finished 2nd in Group A for a two-legged play-off to decide the third-placed team.
[4] Al-Jeel defeated Al-Ansar 5–1 on aggregate to finish in third place.