The election used the 22 wards created as a result of the Local Government Commission for Scotland's 5th review which was published in September 2016,[1] with each ward electing three or four councillors using the single transferable vote system form of proportional representation, with 75 councillors elected; a decrease of three seats from 2012 as one ward, The Lochs, was abolished.

The Scottish National Party replaced Scottish Labour as the largest party for the first time in the Fife region, although they did not gain enough seats to form a majority, and both the group leader and deputy leader lost their seats.

On 18 May, the two largest parties of the new council, the SNP and Scottish Labour, signed a Power Sharing Agreement to co-run an administration.

The net gain/loss and percentage changes relate to the result of the previous Scottish local elections on 3 May 2012.

This may differ from other published sources showing gain/loss relative to seats held at dissolution of Scotland's councils.