The Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) and Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) each improved their vote share for the first time since 2004, though the former failed to regain the absolute majority it had lost in 2014.

The ÖVP–Green government under Governor Markus Wallner was renewed and took office in November.

The 36 seats of the Landtag of Vorarlberg are elected via open list proportional representation in a two-step process.

For parties to receive any representation in the Landtag, they must either win at least one seat in a constituency directly, or clear a 5 percent state-wide electoral threshold.

Governor Wallner held discussions with all parties before entering coalition talks with the Greens.