St Johnstone were the winners of the Scottish League Cup, beating Livingston 1–0 in the final.
The winners of each of the eight groups, as well as the four best runners-up progressed to the second round (last 16), which included the four UEFA qualifying clubs.
The draw for the group stage took place on 10 August 2020 and was broadcast live FreeSports & the SPFL YouTube channel.
The draw for the second round took place on 15 November 2020 following the Hibernian v Dundee match live on Premier Sports 1.
The quarter-final draw took place on 29 November 2020 following the Falkirk v Rangers match live on Premier Sports 1.
The draw for the semi-finals took place on 16 December 2020 following the St Mirren v Rangers match live on Premier Sports 1.