The countries listed are those described in the United Nations geoscheme for Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, Sudan, Tunisia, and Western Sahara The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria won its independence from France in 1962.
In 1952, Egypt ended British occupation, nationalized the Suez Canal, exiled King Farouk, and declared itself a republic.
[5] The Alaouite dynasty began its rule in 1631 but in 1912 Morocco was divided between French and Spanish protectorates.
[7] When Spain gave up Spanish Sahara in 1976, Morocco, Mauritania, and Polisario Front fought for control of the territory.
[9] Today the government of Morocco claims sovereignty and controls 3/4 of the territory of Western Sahara, which it calls its Southern Provinces[10][a] The United Nations proposed a referendum on the area's future; Morocco agreed to autonomy in 2007 but no referendum.
[12] The island of Fuerteventura is located only 50 nautical miles (93 km) west the coast of Western Sahara in the Atlantic Ocean, leading to a conflict over offshore mineral rights.
The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) controls about 1⁄4 of the territory of Western Sahara and is recognized by about 40 countries.
President Omar al-Bashir was overthrown in April 2019 and by August 20, 2019 the Sovereignty Council of Sudan was established.