Former Prime Minister Boyko Borisov, and his populist conservative party GERB, had led Bulgaria continuously since 2016.

[10][11] The main three electoral coalitions or parties in this bloc were There Is Such a People (ITN), Democratic Bulgaria (DB) and Stand Up!

Borisov's governing coalition lost its majority, with the government-supporting parties falling from a combined 134 seats to 75 out of 240, with only GERB staying in the National Assembly.

[14] In contrast, all three of the "parties of change" groupings entered the national assembly, winning a total of 92 seats, with 51 of these coming from Slavi Trifonov's ITN.

[16] President Rumen Radev gave first mandate to GERB as the largest party, who failed to form a government with the former foreign minister, Daniel Mitov, as the nominated Prime Ministerial candidate.

Stefan Yanev was appointed by Radev to lead an interim government, and a snap election was called for 11 July.

When ITN was handed the mandate by Radev, they opted to form a minority government with the support of the other anti-corruption parties and BSPzB, but the negotiations fell through.

After ITN were perceived to have failed to work constructively with other parties to form a government, their support drastically dropped, coming in fourth place behind GERB, DB and BSPzB in some polls.

[24] In August, there was speculation that two popular cabinet ministers from Yanev's first caretaker government, Kiril Petkov and Asen Vasilev could form a new anti-corruption party, and the project was officially launched on 17 September.

[25] Revival (VAZ), a far-right party, also entered the Assembly following protests against the interim government's introduction of a vaccine passport, or "green pass".

[28] The Turkish minority interest party Movement for Rights and Freedoms (DPS) and GERB refused to cooperate with PP.

In February, defense minister Yanev was dismissed after he denied to call the invasion war, instead using the term "special military operation" as was used by Russia.

The parties which formed the previous coalition: PP, BSPzB and DB failed to gain a majority only reaching 98 of the seats.

Meanwhile, the two pro-Russian and nationalist parties VAZ and the new formed Bulgarian Rise (led by former interim prime minister Yanev) both made gains.

[44] During the government formation a debate about the return of paper ballots broke out which was abolished due to concerns of vote buying.

[45] GERB, DPS and BSP supported the return and were able to override a veto of president Radev against the changes of the electoral code.

[47] The third and last mandate was given to BSP which was also unable to form a government thus triggering snap elections, scheduled for 2 April 2023.

There was not much progress built on government formation, though GERB and PP–DB pledged to meet and pass laws where the two groupings could see eye-to-eye.

[66] Alleged recordings from an incriminating PP meeting, including both leaders, were released by Radostin Vassilev, a MP for PP–DB, who left the party.

They announced that they had joined in negotiations with DPS, in order to achieve the supermajority of 160 MPs needed to enact constitutional reforms.

[70] The Denkov government's primary goals were to continue Bulgaria's accession process into the Schengen Area and Eurozone and judicial reform.

Initially, GERB and DPS staged a walkout during the debate, leading to the government narrowly surviving with 66 votes to keep them and 61 to oust them.

[80] President Radev chose to give the third and final mandate to ITN on 28 March, who rejected it, returning it in seconds.

A key development was a split and the expulsion of MPs from DPS over the disagreements between the two chairmen on whether they should support a GERB-led government.

[102] The GERB party nominated Zhelyazkov to form a government in 16 January 2025 with BSP and ITN with the external support of APS.