• KP Sharma Oli • Ishwar Pokhrel • Bishnu Prasad Paudel • Shankar Pokhrel • Ram Bahadur Thapa • Pushpa Kamal Dahal • Narayan Kaji Shrestha • Haribol Gajurel CPN (Unified Socialist) • Madhav Kumar Nepal • Jhala Nath Khanal • Ram Kumari JhakriPeople's Progressive Party • Hridayesh Tripathi • Brijesh Kumar Gupta • Ishwar Dayal MishraNCP Unity Campaign • Bamdev Gautam • Hari Parajuli At the end of 2020, a major split in the Nepal Communist Party (NCP) revived the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) (CPN (UML)) and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre) (CPN (MC)).
[4] In December 2021, a small group led by Hridayesh Tripathi left CPN (UML) to form the People's Progressive Party.
[5] Another group led by Senior Vice-president Bam Dev Gautam left CPN (UML) in September 2021 and was preparing to form a new party as of February 2022.
[11][12] Another disagreement arose when factions in the party did not favor a grant that the government had previously negotiated with the United States under the Millennium Challenge Corporation.
[28] In response, Oli attacked Dahal for not letting him run the government, promoting factionalism and nepotism, as well as preventing victims of the Nepalese Civil War from getting justice.
• Ram Bahadur Thapa • Top Bahadur Rayamajhi • Lekh Raj Bhatta • Gauri Shankar Chaudhary • Prabhu Sah • Mani Thapa • Dawa Lama Tamang • Pushpa Kamal Dahal • Narayan Kaji Shrestha • Haribol Gajurel • Barsaman Pun • Janardan Sharma The CPN (Maoist Centre) party faced a split when the Members of House of Representatives—including Prabhu Sah, Gauri Shankar Chaudhary, Lekhraj Bhatta, former deputy prime minister Top Bahadur Rayamajhi, and two National Assembly members including former Home Minister Ram Bhadur Thapa and Chandra Bahadur Khadka—left the party to join the CPN (UML), along with Maoist leaders Dawa Lama Tamang and Mani Thapa, nine provincial assembly members, four mayors and nine rural municipality chairpersons.
• KP Sharma Oli • Ishwar Pokhrel • Bishnu Prasad Paudel • Shankar Pokhrel • Ram Bahadur Thapa • Madhav Kumar Nepal • Jhala Nath Khanal • Pradeep Nepal People's Progressive Party • Hridayesh Tripathi • Brijesh Kumar Gupta • Ishwar Dayal Mishra • Shivajee YadavCPN (Unity National Campaign) • Bamdev Gautam • Tulsa Thapa On 18 July 2021, 22 members of the House of Representatives from the CPN (UML) voted for Sher Bahadur Deuba as prime minister, defying the party whip.
[53][54] Another minor group, led by Hridayesh Tripathi along with MPs Brijesh Kumar Gupta and Ishwar Dayal Mishra also split away on 26 August 2021 and formed the People's Progressive Party.
Other factions except CPN (UML) joined with Nepali Congress to stay in power, and Sher Bahadur Deuba was elected as the new prime minister of Nepal.
President Bidya Devi Bhandari dissolved the House of Representatives per advice of the prime minister KP Sharma Oli on 20 December 2020.
[58][59][60] Due to internal conflict in the ruling Nepal Communist Party (NCP), Oli recommended the dissolution before a no-confidence motion could be passed.
[63][64][65] On 12 February 2021, Dr. Kedar Narsingh KC led a peaceful protest against Oli's decision to dissolve the House of Representatives, stating that the move was unconstitutional and would derail the development of democracy in the country.
[62] One faction of the NCP, led by Pushpa Kamal Dahal and Madhav Kumar Nepal, and Nepali Congress, the largest major opposition group, protested against the decision.
Pushpa Kamal Dahal,[67] Gagan Thapa,[68] Sher Bahadur Deuba,[69] Bimalendra Nidhi,[70] and other prominent politicians deemed the move unconstitutional.