A total of 22 teams contested the league, including 15 sides from the 2021–22 season, three relegated from the 2021–22 La Liga, and four promoted from the 2021–22 Primera División RFEF.
The first two teams to earn promotion from the Segunda División were Almería and Valladolid, who mathematically secured first and second position, respectively, on the very last match day of the season.
The first team to be relegated from La Liga was Levante, following a 0–6 loss to Real Madrid on 12 May 2022, ending a five-year stint in the top tier.
On 16 April 2022, Alcorcón became the first team to be relegated from the Segunda División after defeated by Cartagena, ending their twelve-year stay in the second division.
The second team to earn promotion was Andorra following a win against UCAM Murcia on 21 May 2022, entering the second tier for the first time in club history.