In September 2022, Henry announced that the government would be ending fuel subsidies and that the price of petroleum products would be increasing; this led to protests, including a demonstration in Port-au-Prince that escalated to a riot days later.

Led by opposition politician Jean-Charles Moïse, protesters stated that their goal is to create a transitional government, provide social programs, and prosecute allegedly corrupt officials.

[15][16][17][18][19] On 7 February 2021, supporters of the opposition against the then-incumbent Jovenel Moïse allegedly attempted a coup d'état, leading to 23 arrests, as well as clashes between protestors and police.

[5][4][28] On 25 October, PBS NewsHour foreign affairs and defense correspondent Nick Schifrin reported from Haiti that, in a hospital operated by the humanitarian non-governmental organization (NGO) Médecins Sans Frontières (also known as Doctors Without Borders, or MSF), over one-quarter of patients are gunshot victims injured by armed gangs.

[33][34] On 30 October, Radio Tele Unique videographer Romelo Vilsaint was among a group who demanded the release of fellow journalist Robest Dimanche, a reporter for Radio Zenith who was detained while covering a protest; police opened fire and threw tear gas at the group, and Vilsaint was struck in the head by a tear gas canister and killed.

[32] In the mid-morning hours of 3 November 2022, the Haitian National Police launched an operation to confront the G9 gang coalition blockading the Varreux fuel terminal, resulting in heavy gunfire.

[36] On 6 November, following two weeks of negotiation between the Haitian government and the G9 Family and Allies,[11] Jimmy Chérizier (known locally by his alias "Babekyou", or "Barbecue"), a former police officer and the leader of G9 gang coalition, formally announced an end to the two-month blockade of the Varreux fuel terminal.

"[12] The following day, the U.S. Department of State announced reward offers of up to US$1,000,000 each for information leading to the arrest or conviction of three Haitian gang leaders—Lanmò Sanjou, also known as Joseph Wilson; Jermaine Stephenson, or Gaspiyay; and Vitel'Homme Innocent—for their roles in the abduction of a group of Christian missionaries near Port-au-Prince in 2021.

[52] By 12 October, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) reported at least 35 official deaths from cholera, as well as 600 suspected cases in the areas surrounding Port-au-Prince.

[55] Additionally, the World Food Programme (WFP) reported on 14 October that a record 4.7 million people (almost half of the country's population) are currently facing acute hunger in Haiti;[56][57] using the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) scale, the WFP classified 19,000 of those people as belonging to the fifth and highest level on the scale, the "Catastrophe" phase (IPC 5).

Ambassador to the United Nations, stated that, "If there was ever a moment to come to the aid of Haitians in dire need, it is now," adding that, "To be clear, we are keenly aware of the history of international intervention in Haiti and specifically of concerns about the council authorizing a response that could lead to an open-ended peacekeeping role.

"[59] Some Haitian citizens familiar with the poor record of past interventions have expressed opposition to the prospect of a foreign military force being sent to the country, while others are more supportive of the notion on the basis of the possibility of a resolution to the shortages and widespread presence of gangs and cholera.

[3][57][59] Rosy Auguste Ducena, a lawyer and programme director at the National Network for the Defense of Human Rights (RNDDH) in Haiti, stated that, "History has shown us more than once that foreign forces bring us more problems than solutions.

"[27] On 17 October, the U.S. and Mexico called for the formation of a non-UN international force to depose the gangs in Port-au-Prince, proposing "a limited, carefully scoped, non-U.N. mission led by a partner country with the deep, necessary experience required for such an effort to be effective".

[59][60][61][62] On 21 October, the UN Security Council voted unanimously to approve sanctions on Haiti, allowing for the imposition of an asset freeze, travel ban, and arms embargo, against threats to the peace or stability of the country, namely Chérizier.

[54] Eric Jean Baptiste, the leader of the Rally of Progressive National Democrats, was assassinated on the way to his home in the Laboule 12 area on 28 October 2022, when his car was ambushed.