The club participated in Serie A, the Coppa Italia, the newly-expanded Supercoppa Italiana, and the UEFA Europa Conference League.

Although Fiorentina did not originally qualify for any European competition based on results from their previous season, UEFA announced in late July 2023 the suspension of Juventus from any UEFA club competitions for 2023–24, allowing Fiorentina, as the next-highest ranked team in Serie A, to take their spot in the 2023–24 UEFA Europa Conference League.

[1] The Viola would reach the final of the Conference League for the second consecutive season, but were once again defeated there, this time by Greek side Olympiacos.

Win Draw Loss Fixtures Source: Soccerway Source: Serie A The league fixtures were announced on 5 July 2023.

The draw for the group stage was held on 1 September 2023.