The 2023–24 Chicago State Cougars men's basketball team represented Chicago State University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.

The Cougars, led by third-year head coach Gerald Gillion, played their home games at the Jones Convocation Center located in Chicago, Illinois and competed as an independent with no conference affiliation.

On December 13, 2023, the Cougars upset the 25th-ranked Northwestern Wildcats 75–73 at Welsh–Ryan Arena, marking Chicago State's first-ever win over a ranked team.

[1] On April 12, 2024, head coach Gerald Gillion left the school to become the associate head coach at LIU.

[4] As an independent, they did not participate in any conference tournament or postseason play.