[10] Midfielder Aitana Bonmatí succeeded teammate Alexia Putellas in winning all of Europe's major individual awards for women's football.

[30] On 12 August, Barcelona opened the pre-season with a 3–0 win against AEM Lleida in a friendly played behind closed doors at the Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper.

Between the finalists, there were 11 Barcelona players: Batlle, Bonmatí, Caldentey, Codina, Cata Coll, Salma Paralluelo, Irene Paredes, María Pérez, and Alexia Putellas for Spain, and Walsh and Lucy Bronze for England.

[39] Spain and England contested the FIFA World Cup final, with 10 of the 11 Barcelona players (all but María Pérez) featuring in the match.

[57][58] They won the game for the CAMP3ONAS Tour 2023 invitational trophy by defeating Liga MX Femenil champions Club América 2–0 at the Estadio Azteca in front of 34,931 fans.

[59][60] On 31 August, Barcelona midfielder Bonmatí won the UEFA Women's Player of the Year Award for her performances during the previous season.

[66][67] The next day, she was one of six Barcelona players nominated for the Ballon d'Or Féminin, along with Paralluelo, Patri Guijarro, Bonmatí, Asisat Oshoala and Mapi León.

[95] On 19 November, Barcelona defeated Real Madrid 5–0 in the first Women's Clásico of the season in front of 38,707 spectators, to get their twelfth win in twelve games.

[98][99] In early November, Barcelona Femení announced that they had hired Marc Vivés as their new sports director following Markel Zubizarreta's departure at the start of the season.

The club had spent a month and a half conducting an "exhaustive and intense" interview process; though renewals and other player issues were on hold during this time, the board felt the importance of having someone perfect for the job and the team outweighed speed.

Nine Barcelona players made the unranked list: Batlle, Bonmatí, Graham Hansen, Guijarro, León, Oshoala, Paralluelo, Rolfö, and Walsh.

[108] Barcelona's Nigerian forward Oshoala won the African Women's Footballer of the Year award, retaining the title to have been honoured for a record-extending sixth time, on 11 December.

[118][119][120] The next day, fellow centre back María León suffered a meniscus tear in training, set to be unavailable for several months following surgery, potentially until the end of the season.

[129][130][131] On 14 December, sports media had reported that Giráldez would not continue as coach of Barcelona after the end of the season, adding that he had received a large offer from a team in the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL).

[10] He then managed the team to his 100th victory in charge of them on 21 December,[134] ending the year with a dominant 7–0 win over Rosengård in the return leg of their Champions League group stage fixture and qualifying for the quarter-finals with two games to spare.

[135][136] The shortlist for the FIFA FIFPro Women's World 11 was announced on 3 January 2024, with eight Barcelona players in the final 23: Bronze, León and Paredes as defenders, Bonmatí, Pina, Rolfö and Walsh as midfielders, and Paralluelo as a forward.

[143] Barcelona got their first win of the new year on 6 January, defeating Levante Las Planas 9–1 in the league, matching their largest goal margin of the season.

[148] Barcelona won their first trophy of the season with the final of the Supercopa de España on 20 January, defeating Levante 7–0, including a hat-trick from Graham Hansen.

[149][150][151] In the Champions League, the team defeated Eintracht Frankfurt 2–0 thanks to goals from Guijarro and Graham Hansen,[152][153][154] and finished the month with a hard-fought 4–4 draw away against Benfica, ending their 23-match winning streak in all competitions.

[171] Barcelona's all-wins league record for the season was ended when they were held to a 1–1 draw against Levante on February 14, with the only goal for the team coming from Paralluelo.

She almost scored a brace, finding the back of the net again in the second half, but this was controversially disallowed as the referee had blown the whistle as she struck the ball.

[173] The draw was the first time Barcelona dropped points at home following 85 consecutive wins in all competitions, going back to a 2–3 loss in February 2019 (when they played at the Mini Estadi).

[181][182] In the next fixture, they defeated Costa Adeje Tenerife 7–0, including Rolfö's first goal of the season after recently returning from her summer injury.

[183] On 24 March, Barcelona defeated Real Madrid 3–0 in the third El Clásico of the season and extended their lead at the top of the league table to twelve points with nine matches remaining.

[184][185][186] Barcelona took a 2–1 away win against Brann in the first leg of the Champions League quarter-final on 20 March, with Ingrid Syrstad Engen making her 100th appearance for the club.

[199][200][201] The deficit was overturned and the tie was won by Barcelona on 27 April, in a hard-fought 2–0 away win in front of 39,398 fans at Stamford Bridge, advancing 2–1 on aggregate to the Champions League final for the fifth overall and fourth consecutive season, thanks to goals from Bonmatí and Rolfö.

Large public screenings of the final were held in Plaça de Catalunya in Barcelona and in Mollet del Vallès, the hometown of Putellas.

López made her 50th appearance for the club, and Graham Hansen scored to overtake Paralluelo as league topscorer and win the Pichichi award.

Barcelona won their tenth Copa de la Reina after they defeated Real Sociedad 8–0 in the final, completing the domestic treble.

[239] Barcelona started their Supercopa defense against Real Madrid on 17 January 2024, in the second Women's Clásico of the season, where they won 4–0 and advanced to the final.