The 2023–24 season was Magyar Testgyakorlók Köre Budapest Futball Club's 111th competitive season, 1st season in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I following their promotion from the Nemzeti Bajnokság II in the previous season and 121st year in existence as a football club.

In addition to the domestic league, MTK participated in that season's editions of the Magyar Kupa.

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules; some limited exceptions apply.

Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

Source: Hungarian Football Federation Appearances (Apps) numbers are for appearances in competitive games only, including sub appearances.Source: Competitions