The 2023–24 Mississippi State Bulldogs men's basketball team represented Mississippi State University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season.

The Bulldogs were led by second-year head coach Chris Jans, and played their home games at Humphrey Coliseum in Mississippi State, Mississippi, just outside Starkville, as a member of the Southeastern Conference.

The Bulldogs finished the 2022–23 season 20–11, 8–10 in SEC play to tie for 9th place.

They defeated Florida in the second round of the SEC tournament before losing to Alabama in the quarterfinals.

They received an at-large bid to the NCAA Tournament as an 11th seed, where they lost in the First Four play-in round to Pittsburgh.