Forty teams participated, divided into two groups of twenty clubs each based on geographical proximity.

In each group, the champions were automatically promoted to Segunda División and the second to fifth placers played promotion play-offs and the bottom five were relegated to the Segunda Federación.

A total of 40 teams joined the league, including four relegated from the 2022–23 Segunda División, 26 retained from the 2022–23 Primera Federación, and ten promoted from the 2022–23 Segunda Federación.

The winners of the two regular season groups will face off in a two-leg final to determine the overall champion.

Deportivo La Coruña win 6–3 on aggregate and were therefore crowned 2023–24 Primera Federación champions.