The 2023–24 Xavier Musketeers men's basketball team represented Xavier University during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season as a member of the Big East Conference.

Led by Sean Miller in the second season of his second stint after coaching the Musketeers from 2004 to 2009, they played their home games at the Cintas Center in Cincinnati, Ohio.

The team received an at-large bid to the NCAA tournament, where they defeated Kennesaw State and Pittsburgh to advance to the Sweet Sixteen for the first time since 2017.

There they were defeated by Texas, bringing their season to a close with a final record of 27–10.

Note: After transferring to Xavier, Duncomb decided to step away from basketball for health reasons.