Al-Shabab Al-Muslim (Muslim Youth)[1] On 30 July 2023, fighting broke out inside the Ain al-Hilweh Palestinian refugee camp in Lebanon after Islamist gunmen tried to assassinate Fatah militant Mahmoud Khalil, killing a companion of his instead.

In the late 1980s, members of Yasser Arafat's Fatah movement, after being ousted in other refugee camps, moved on to Ain al-Hilweh.

This is especially since, by convention, the Lebanese Armed Forces cannot enter Palestinian refugee camps in the country, leaving the factions themselves to handle security.

It had the presence of the delegation of the Palestine Liberation Organization, factions of the Palestinian Coalition Forces represented by Ayman Shana'a, "Ansar Allah", and members of Lebanese Islamic parties.

[12][13] According to the Lebanese Armed Forces a mortar shell hit a military barracks outside the camp and wounded one soldier, whose condition is stable.

[14] Clashes were resumed again on September 8, despite an uneasy truce between the militants on August 3, as the accused killer of the Fatah official was not handed over to Lebanese Judiciary.

On 29 September, Palestinian security forces were deployed Friday in a school complex at Ain el-Hilweh replacing the gunmen who had occupied it since the beginning of the clashes.