In September 2023, heavy rainfall and strong winds from an extratropical cyclone resulted in the deaths of at least 47 people in Rio Grande do Sul state of Brazil, 940 injured, and caused $1.3 million in damage.

[4] The flooding was caused by the warming atmosphere resulting from climate change, which increases the likelihood of extreme rainfall.

[5] In 2022, torrential rain led to landslides and mudflows near the city of Recife in the country's northeast, resulting in the deaths of at least 100 people.

[6] That same year, floods in Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, killed 231 people and caused 1 billion R$ ($193.8 million USD) in damage.

[8] Within a span of 72 hours, over 200mm (11 inches) of rainfall deluged the state from an extratropical cyclone,[9] resulting in floods and landslides.