The summit was held within the context of a rise in immigration from North Africa to Italy, particularly by using boats to cross the Mediterranean Sea.

[1][2] Following the 2022 Italian general election, Giorgia Meloni of the Brothers of Italy became Prime Minister, after running on a platform of curbing illegal immigration and soft Euroscepticism.

With an annual budget of 3 billion euros over four years, the plan seeks to address the root economic causes of mass migration, emphasizing energy cooperation, investment in health and education, and critical infrastructure development.

However, the Mattei Plan faces challenges, including Italy's financial constraints and competition with global players in Africa.

[10] The participants included:[12] Non-head of state or head of government delegations were present from Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Cameroon, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Namibia, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, and Zambia.